( 1 ) Basic knowledge of open-pit mining safety

 

Open pit mining is shipped with a certain device , in the space of Chang Lu engaged in mining operations. According to open-pit mining tools used harvesting equipment and the different open-pit mining is divided into labor exploitation, mining machinery , hydraulic mining and mining exploration ship . Formed by open pit mining pits, stairs and open the channel is called the sum of the mining field .

 

Open-pit mining production processes including stripping face perforation, Blasting , loading , transportation, transport the ore to the crusher field or concentrator , rock , soil transported to the waste rock dump . Open-pit mining , the ore is usually put into a certain thickness level hierarchical , top-down layer by layer mining, and maintain a certain relationship ahead . In the mining process, the level of work opportunities in the space -like form , each of opportunities is a step or called phase. Step is the open pit of the basic elements of one of the independent stripping and mining operations unit body .

 

Named stairs elevation generally flat plate represented as 100m level . Steps can be divided according to their purpose work platform, secure platform , transport platforms and cleaning platforms.

 

Slope is the ultimate end has been mined and left to reach the ultimate level interface consisting of slope, its location is generally fixed. Ultimate slope surface and the horizontal angle is called the ultimate slope angle , it is in open pit design and production has a very important significance , which directly affects the size realm of open-pit mining and open pit production capacity.

 

The main topics are open pit blasting operations safety security problems, mechanical problems runtime security , transportation security problems, electrical safety topics , slope stability and anti- drain safety problems, security problems and other phases formed .

 

( 2 ) Basic knowledge of underground mining safety

 

Underground mining is a complex production process, you must make comprehensive use of geology, measurement , development, excavation , blasting, transportation , lifting, ventilation , drainage , power , security, and governance of science and technology , select the appropriate mining methods to ensure the safety of the production process . Mining methods include quasi , cutting, mining , processing and so gob .

1 Mining Method

 

Mining methods can be divided into two systems of wall and column . Wall mining method based on coal seam thickness , divided into single longwall longwall mining method and layered . Gently inclined and inclined seam longwall mining method using a single working surface , recovery processes are blasting mining , general mining and mechanized mining three types. Layered longwall mining method can be divided into longwall mining method and longwall mining method types. Pillar mining method is divided into bedroom and room and pillar .

 

2 metals, non-metallic mineral mining methods

 

When pressed under the governance of mining methods , metal and nonmetal ore mining methods are divided into three categories, namely stoping , filling and caving mining method , the classification of each mining method and its application conditions.

 

3 mining face security technology governance

 

Press the governance aspects of production technology , safety technology governance mining face is divided into three segments: mining face pre-construction should be carried out construction design, surface mining operations to develop operating procedures ; operating procedures according to the provisions of organizing workers implemented. ; In operating procedures encountered in the implementation of pre unexpected problems , to seek improved methods , be revised operating procedures or supplement the relevant safety technical measures.